同等学历申硕英语水平模拟试题一（4）

Passage 6

Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.

There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution haz3rd. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal .

A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained.

Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former w3ste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.

56. The purpose of this passage is ________.

A. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems

B. to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply

C. to explain industrial uses of water

D. to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem

57. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?

A. Diluting wastes needs a certain amount of water.

B. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population .

C. Intensive cultivation of land require more and more chemicals.

D. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.

58. The reader can conclude that _________.

A. countries of the world will work together on pollution problems

B. some industries are now making economic use of liquid waste

C. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace

D. science is making great progress in increasing water supplies

59. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of________.

A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls

B. definitions which clarify important terms

C. opinions and personal observations

D. strong arguments and persuasions

60. The words "prior to"(para. 2)probably man________.

A. during B. before

C. after D. beyond

Passage 7

A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape. the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big pan in determining what kind of people we are.

It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium. or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.

Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious(活泼的) than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable(稳定的).And where the olive and the orange grow: the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.’

But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Doe the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?

We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, bat let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.

61. ________ might serve as a suitable title for this selection.

A. The Importance of Geographical Environment

B. The Influence of Geographical Environment on Man

C. Generalization of Types of People

D. Geographical Environment, a Mysterious Subject

62. Using context clues we may infer that "iodine, fluoride and calcium" are ________.

A. substances which an positively or negatively on man’s health

B. harmful substance in the water supply

C. substances which help provide breeding places for pests

D. substances contributory to good health

63. We may infer from the third paragraph that geography and climate play an important role in determining the inhabitants’ ________.

A. health condition

B. personality

C. life-span

D. all of the above

64. According to the author. research into the influence of geography and climate should ________.

A. focus on some unknown aspects

B. be pursued on a larger scale

C. be carried out within a larger scope

D. go much deeper

65. The author hopes that studies on the influence of geographical environment will enable us to ________.

A. generalize better about types of people

B. find better water supplies

C. gain an insight into its influence on mankind

D. lice to a ripe old age